ECONOMETRIC MODELING OF CARGO FLIGHT DEMAND AT CONCESSIONED AIRPORTS IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61673/ren.2026.3048Keywords:
Concessioned airports, Econometric methods, Demand, Air cargo, LogisticsAbstract
The increase in demand for air cargo transportation in Brazil, especially at airports in the Northeast, is significant in light of the economic and social changes affecting regional logistics. This study analyzes how various factors influence this demand, aiming to develop a predictive model to estimate the cargo flight demand at Northeast concessioned airports, considering economic and operational variables. Using a monthly panel data set, econometric methods such as Weighted Least Squares (WLS) and Poisson distribution count models were applied to evaluate the relationship between variables and air cargo demand. Results indicate that GDP and airport connectivity are significant factors influencing cargo flight demand, with the count model showing the best fit. This study contributes to understanding demand dynamics, suggesting the importance of integrated airport management.
Downloads
References
AENA - AEROPORTOS DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL S.A. Histórico dos Aeroportos do Bloco Nordeste, 2020. Acesso em 31 de janeiro de 2023. Disponível em: https://www.aenabrasil.com.br/pt/aeroportos/aeroporto-internacional-do-recife-guararapes-gilberto-freyre/historico.html.
AKINYEMI, Y. C. Air cargo demand in Africa: Application of cointegration and error correction modelling techniques. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 109, p. 1-12, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2023.102399.
ALEXANDER, D. W.; MERKERT, R. Applications of gravity models to evaluate and forecast. Transport Policy, v. 104, p. 52–62, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.01.004
ANAC - AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DE AVIAÇÃO CIVIL. Contrato de Concessão para Ampliação, Manutenção e Exploração dos Aeroportos Integrantes do Bloco Nordeste (até TA n.003.2023). Brasília: Agência Nacional de Aviação Civil.
______. Dados e estatísticas da aviação regional, 2024. Acesso em: <https://www.gov.br/anac/pt-br/assuntos/dados-e-estatisticas/dados-estatisticos/dados-estatisticos>.
ANGUITA, J. G. M.; OLARIAGA, O. D. Air cargo transport demand forecasting using ConvLSTM2D, an artificial neural network architecture approach. Case Studies on Transport Policy, v. 12, p. 1-12, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.101009
BABAGOLZADEH, M.; ZHANG, Y.; ABBASI, B.; SHRESTHA, A.; ZHANG, A. Promoting Australian regional airports with subsidy schemes: Optimised downstream logistics using vehicle routing problem. Transport Policy, v. 128, p. 38-51, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.09.001
BAIER, F.; BERSTER, P.; GELHAUSEN, M. Global cargo gravitation model: airports matter for forecasts. International Economics and Economic Policy, v. 19, p. 219-238, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10368-021-00525-2.
BOMBELLI, A.; SANTOS, B. F.; TAVASSZY, L. Analysis of the air cargo transport network using a complex network theory perspective. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, v. 138, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101959
BOONEKAMP, T.; BURGHOUWT, G. Measuring connectivity in the air freight industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 61, p. 81-94, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.05.003
BRASIL. Agência Nacional De Aviação Civil. Contrato de concessão para ampliação, manutenção e exploração dos aeroportos integrantes do Aeroporto de São Gonçalo do Amarante. Brasília: ANAC. 2017.
______. Agência Nacional De Aviação Civil. Contrato de concessão para ampliação, manutenção e exploração dos aeroportos integrantes do Bloco Nordeste (Texto Compilado até o Termo Aditivo nº 003/2023). Brasília: ANAC. 2019.
BUTTON, K. Transport economics. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2010.
CHAO, C. C.; HSU, C. W. Cost analysis of air cargo transport and effects of fluctuations in fuel price. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 35, p. 51-56, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.11.010
CHU, H. C. Exploring preference heterogeneity of air freight forwarders in the choices of carries and routes. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 37, p. 45-52, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2014.02.002
CONWAY, P. Airline Business. London, v. 24, n. 10, p. 78-81, 2008.
DANTAS, T. M.; OLIVEIRA, F. L. C.; REPOLHO, H. M. V. Air transportation demand forecast through Bagging Holt Winters methods. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 59, p. 116-123, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.12.006.
SILVA, F. G. F.; RODRIGUES, J. A. S.; FALCÃO, V. A. Analysis of efficiency gains of airports awarded in the first group of Brazilian auctions. In: CONGRESSO DE PESQUISA E ENSINO EM TRANSPORTES, 33., 2019, Balneario Camboriu. Anais... Balneario Camboriu: ANPET, 2019.
DOMINGOS, M. C. F.; FALCÃO, V. A.; SILVA, F. G. F. Analysis of the Factors that Influence Airport Choice in Northeast Brazil. In: CONGRESSO DE PESQUISA E ENSINO EM TRANSPORTES, 34., 2020, Digital. Anais... Digital: ANPET, 2020.
FALCÃO, V. A.; SILVA, F. G.; OLIVEIRA, F. H.; NEGRI, N. A.; ANDRADE, M. O.; BRASILEIRO, A.; MACÁRIO, R. Scientific investigations in air transport about Brazil: A bibliometric review. Case Studies on Transport Policy, v. 9, n. 4, p. 1912-1921, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.10.012
FALCÃO, V. A.; QUEIROZ JÚNIOR, H. S.; MENDES, L. T. B.; SILVA, F. G. F. Impacto da pandemia da COVID-19 na eficiência dos aeroportos brasileiros: aplicação de análise envoltória de dados e regressão tobit. Revista Transporte y Territorio, n. 27, p. 72-102, 2022. https://doi.org/10.34096/rtt.i27.12217
GALDIANO, L.; FALCÃO, V. A.; SILVA, F. G. F. Systematic Review Airport Concessions and the Brazilian Case. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE TRANSPORTE AÉREO, 28., 2019, Brasília. Anais... Brasília: SBTA, 2019.
GRAHAM, P. A. Airport privatisation: A successful journey? Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 89, 101930, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101930
GUJARATI, D.; PORTER, C. Basic Econometrics (5th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. 2008.
IATA. IATA Cargo Strategy. International Air Transport Association. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.iata.org/whatwedo/cargo/Documents/cargo-strategy.pdf.
______. New era for air cargo: How e-commerce is accelerating logistics transformation. International Air Transport Association. 2021. Disponível em https://www.iata.org/en/publications/store/new-era-air-cargo-ecommerce-whitepaper-2021.
ISHUTKINA, M. A.; HANSMAN, R. J. Analysis of the Interaction Between Air Transportation and Economic Activity: A Worldwide Perspective. MIT International Center for Air Transportation (ICAT)/ Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge. Report No. ICAT-2009-2, 2009.
KARUNATHILAKE, A. N.; FERNANDO, A. Identifying the key influencing factors for the growth of air cargo demand. Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, v. 17, n. 2, p. 368-383, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1108/JGOSS-06-2022-0072.
LOTTI, R.; CAETANO, M. The airport choice of exporters for fruit from Brazil. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 70, p. 104-112, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.05.003
MADHAVAN, M.; ALI SHARAFUDDIN, M.; PIBOONRUNGROJ, P.; YANG, C. C. Short-term forecasting for airline industry: The case of Indian air passenger and air cargo. Global Business Review, v. 24, n. 6, p. 1-35, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150920923316.
MAGALHÃES, M. A.; ARAGÃO, J. A.; YAMASHITA, Y. Definição de transporte. Transportes, v. 22, n. 3, p. 1–11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/transportes.v22i3.655.
OHI, S. J.; KIM, A. M. Count models to represent the impacts of weather and infrastructure on flight disruptions. Transportation Research Record, p. 1-12, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120916731
ROCHA, C. H.; SILVA, B. A.; DA SILVA, F. G. F. Brazilian Airports Granted and Financial Precariousness. In: CONGRESSO DE PESQUISA E ENSINO EM TRANSPORTES, 34., 2020. Digital. Anais... Digital: ANPET, 2020.
SAMPAIO, A. P. A.; ANDRADE, M. O.; FALCÃO, V. A.; DOMINGOS, M. C. F.; OLIVEIRA, A. M. Air Transport Demand Forecast to Making the Regional Aviation Sustainable in Northeast of Brazil. Journal of Sustainable Development, v. 14, n. 6, p. 69-86, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v14n6p69.
VEGA H. Air cargo, trade and transportation costs of perishables and exotics from South America. Journal of Air Transport Management, p. 324-328, 2008. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.08.006.
WOOLDRIDGE, J. M. Introdução à Econometria. Editora Thomson, p. 295-328, 2006.
XU, F.; HANAOKA, S.; ONISHI, M. Multi-airport privatization in a Japanese region with trip-chain formation. Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 80, 101690, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2019.101690
YANG, C. H.; SHAO, J. C.; LIU, Y. H.; JOU, P. H.; LIN, Y. D. Application of fuzzy-based support vector regression to forecast of international airport freight volumes. Mathematics, v. 10, n. 14, 2399, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10142399.
YUAN, X. M.; LOW, J. M.; TANG, L. C. Roles of the airport and logistics services on the economic outcomes of an air cargo supply chain. International Journal of Production Economics, v. 127, n. 2, p. 215-225, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.08.005
YUEN, A.; ZHANG, A.; HUI, Y. V.; LEUNG, L. C.; FUNG, M. Is developing air cargo airports in the hinterland the way of the future? Journal of Air Transport Management, v. 61, p. 15-25, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.09.009
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hélio da Silva Queiroz Júnior, Viviane Adriano Falcão, Francisco Gildemir Ferreira da Silva

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.




