PODEM OS BANCOS NACIONAIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E O FINANCIAMENTO MISTO NOS CONDUZIR A UM FUTURO SUSTENTÁVEL? LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DO FINANCIAMENTO LIDERADO PELO MERCADO E DO FINANCIAMENTO LIDERADO PELO ESTADO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61673/ren.2025.3290Keywords:
Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Conhecimento local, Financiamento, Clima, Objetivos do MilênioAbstract
O artigo analisa se bancos nacionais de desenvolvimento (BNDs) e o financiamento misto são capazes de mobilizar recursos suficientes para cumprir os Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) e enfrentar a crise climática. A análise histórica contrapõe abordagens orientadas pelo mercado, predominantes no Norte Global, a modelos guiados pelo Estado, mais presentes no Sul Global. Que o fracasso dos Objetivos do Milênio decorreu de falhas estruturais no sistema financeiro global, incluindo ausência de coordenação multilateral, impactos da crise financeira de 2008 e restrições à capacidade fiscal dos Estados. O financiamento misto, embora promovido como solução para atrair capital privado, mostra-se limitado em escala e concentrado em contextos de menor risco. Os BNDs apresentam potencial para investimentos de longo prazo e atuação anticíclica, mas enfrentam limitações institucionais, fiscais e políticas. O estudo conclui que nenhuma das estratégias, isoladamente, é suficiente. Como alternativa, propõe a valorização de abordagens bottom-up, baseadas em comunidades, que incorporem conhecimento local e ampliem a participação democrática. Assim, o financiamento do desenvolvimento sustentável demanda transformação sistêmica e integração entre dimensões global, nacional e local.
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